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Determinants of Women’s Participation in Strategic Decision Making in 5-star Hotels in Nairobi City, Nairobi County, Kenya

Received: 10 July 2021     Accepted: 28 July 2021     Published: 4 August 2021
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Abstract

Hotel, Catering and Tourism industry are among the leading sectors globally. Figures from World Tourism Organization show that the global hotel industry revenue is increasing every year. The research was conducted to explore the determinants of women’s contribution in strategic decision-making in 5-star Hotels in Nairobi City, Kenya. Precisely, the study investigated the influence of organizational factors in the hotel industry. The literature is pegged on the theories that relate to women’s involvement in strategic decision-making in hospitality and review other relevant studies. These theories are Upper Echelon Theory and Role Congruity Theory. Existing literature was reviewed and three hypotheses were tested. Descriptive survey design was used. The study targeted managers of 5-star Hotels in Nairobi City which comprised of 340 employees in managerial positions. A sample of 78 was chosen out of the population of 340 with a 95% confidence level. The research employed stratified random sampling technique to 340 respondents in 5-star Hotels. Respondents were selected using simple random sampling method. The research administered questionnaires to collect data and further analysis done. The study applied Karl Pearson’s product moment correlation analysis to determine the correlation of variables. Cronbach’s alpha was used to test for reliability, or internal consistency. Validity test was also done. Validity happens when the measures of a unit have high correlation. Data collection was done through open-ended questionnaires. Data presentation was done through tables. Study findings indicate organizational factors play key influence in this study. There was close relationship between women’s inclusion in leadership and all factors used in the study. This study enhanced the existing literature and the recommendations of the research will be useful to hospitality industry management as well as the government, hotel owners, management and hospitality training institutions. The study recommends policy makers in the hotel industry to make adjustments in the organizational structure to accommodate more women in leadership and make women-friendly corporate policies. The study recommends embracing of new strategies that aim at coming up with progressive ideas to address working hours for women in management positions, raise aspirations and confidence of women. The study recommends further research to be conducted on government’s efforts and challenges it faces to achieve gender equity in hospitality industry management.

Published in Journal of Business and Economic Development (Volume 6, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.jbed.20210603.14
Page(s) 155-160
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Strategic Decision Making, Hospitality Industry, Leadership

References
[1] Kuria, S., Wanderi, P. & Ondigi, A. (2012). Hotel employment in Kenya; contingent work or professional career? International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. 2, (7), 15-48.
[2] Onsongo, J. (2004) Factors Affecting Women’s Participation in University Management in Kenya. Gender issues research report series, 22, 1-45.
[3] NDTV Business. (2014). Only Five Percent Indian Women in Senior Corporate Posts: Study Management, 22 (1), 85-102.
[4] Walker, S. P. (2011). Professions and patriarchy revisited. Accountancy in England and Wales, 1887-1914. Accounting History Review, 21 (2), 185-225.
[5] Davidson, M. J. & Burke, R. J. (2011). Women in Management worldwide: Facts, figures and analysis. Ashgate, Aldershot.
[6] Wentling, R. M. (2003). The career development and aspiration of women in middle management revisited. Women Management, 18 (6): 311-324.
[7] Newburry, W., Belkin, L. Y., and Ansari, P. (2007). Perceived career opportunities from globalization: Globalization capabilities and attitudes towards women in Iran and the US. Journal of International Business Studies, 5, 56-89.
[8] Cook, E. P. (2012). Understanding People in Context: The Ecological Perspective in Counseling. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.
[9] Washington, C. (2011). Mentoring, organizational rank, and women's perceptions of advancement opportunities in the workplace. International Journal of Business & Social Science, 2 (9), 162-178.
[10] Boone, J., Houran, J., & Veller, T. (2013). Rethinking a Glass Ceiling in the Hospitality Industry. HVS report.
[11] Kumar, A. (2014). An investigation of the perception of hospitality graduates towards the industry: A gender perspective. African Journal of Hospitality & Leisure, 3 (2).
[12] Nzioka, A. M. (2013). Hotel general managers’ perception of factors related to women career progression in the hospitality industry at the coast region of Kenya. (Doctoral thesis).
[13] Eagly. A. H., & Karau, S. J. (2002). Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychological Review, 109, 573–598.
[14] Gall, Meredith, Joyce Gall, and Walter Borg. 2007. Educational research: An introduction. 8th ed. White Plains, NY: Pearson.
[15] Cha, Y. (2013). Overwork and the persistence of gender segregation in occupations. Gender & Society, 27. Psych Articles.
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  • APA Style

    Justus Muli, Hannah Bula. (2021). Determinants of Women’s Participation in Strategic Decision Making in 5-star Hotels in Nairobi City, Nairobi County, Kenya. Journal of Business and Economic Development, 6(3), 155-160. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jbed.20210603.14

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    ACS Style

    Justus Muli; Hannah Bula. Determinants of Women’s Participation in Strategic Decision Making in 5-star Hotels in Nairobi City, Nairobi County, Kenya. J. Bus. Econ. Dev. 2021, 6(3), 155-160. doi: 10.11648/j.jbed.20210603.14

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    AMA Style

    Justus Muli, Hannah Bula. Determinants of Women’s Participation in Strategic Decision Making in 5-star Hotels in Nairobi City, Nairobi County, Kenya. J Bus Econ Dev. 2021;6(3):155-160. doi: 10.11648/j.jbed.20210603.14

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  • @article{10.11648/j.jbed.20210603.14,
      author = {Justus Muli and Hannah Bula},
      title = {Determinants of Women’s Participation in Strategic Decision Making in 5-star Hotels in Nairobi City, Nairobi County, Kenya},
      journal = {Journal of Business and Economic Development},
      volume = {6},
      number = {3},
      pages = {155-160},
      doi = {10.11648/j.jbed.20210603.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jbed.20210603.14},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jbed.20210603.14},
      abstract = {Hotel, Catering and Tourism industry are among the leading sectors globally. Figures from World Tourism Organization show that the global hotel industry revenue is increasing every year. The research was conducted to explore the determinants of women’s contribution in strategic decision-making in 5-star Hotels in Nairobi City, Kenya. Precisely, the study investigated the influence of organizational factors in the hotel industry. The literature is pegged on the theories that relate to women’s involvement in strategic decision-making in hospitality and review other relevant studies. These theories are Upper Echelon Theory and Role Congruity Theory. Existing literature was reviewed and three hypotheses were tested. Descriptive survey design was used. The study targeted managers of 5-star Hotels in Nairobi City which comprised of 340 employees in managerial positions. A sample of 78 was chosen out of the population of 340 with a 95% confidence level. The research employed stratified random sampling technique to 340 respondents in 5-star Hotels. Respondents were selected using simple random sampling method. The research administered questionnaires to collect data and further analysis done. The study applied Karl Pearson’s product moment correlation analysis to determine the correlation of variables. Cronbach’s alpha was used to test for reliability, or internal consistency. Validity test was also done. Validity happens when the measures of a unit have high correlation. Data collection was done through open-ended questionnaires. Data presentation was done through tables. Study findings indicate organizational factors play key influence in this study. There was close relationship between women’s inclusion in leadership and all factors used in the study. This study enhanced the existing literature and the recommendations of the research will be useful to hospitality industry management as well as the government, hotel owners, management and hospitality training institutions. The study recommends policy makers in the hotel industry to make adjustments in the organizational structure to accommodate more women in leadership and make women-friendly corporate policies. The study recommends embracing of new strategies that aim at coming up with progressive ideas to address working hours for women in management positions, raise aspirations and confidence of women. The study recommends further research to be conducted on government’s efforts and challenges it faces to achieve gender equity in hospitality industry management.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Determinants of Women’s Participation in Strategic Decision Making in 5-star Hotels in Nairobi City, Nairobi County, Kenya
    AU  - Justus Muli
    AU  - Hannah Bula
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    JF  - Journal of Business and Economic Development
    JO  - Journal of Business and Economic Development
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    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jbed.20210603.14
    AB  - Hotel, Catering and Tourism industry are among the leading sectors globally. Figures from World Tourism Organization show that the global hotel industry revenue is increasing every year. The research was conducted to explore the determinants of women’s contribution in strategic decision-making in 5-star Hotels in Nairobi City, Kenya. Precisely, the study investigated the influence of organizational factors in the hotel industry. The literature is pegged on the theories that relate to women’s involvement in strategic decision-making in hospitality and review other relevant studies. These theories are Upper Echelon Theory and Role Congruity Theory. Existing literature was reviewed and three hypotheses were tested. Descriptive survey design was used. The study targeted managers of 5-star Hotels in Nairobi City which comprised of 340 employees in managerial positions. A sample of 78 was chosen out of the population of 340 with a 95% confidence level. The research employed stratified random sampling technique to 340 respondents in 5-star Hotels. Respondents were selected using simple random sampling method. The research administered questionnaires to collect data and further analysis done. The study applied Karl Pearson’s product moment correlation analysis to determine the correlation of variables. Cronbach’s alpha was used to test for reliability, or internal consistency. Validity test was also done. Validity happens when the measures of a unit have high correlation. Data collection was done through open-ended questionnaires. Data presentation was done through tables. Study findings indicate organizational factors play key influence in this study. There was close relationship between women’s inclusion in leadership and all factors used in the study. This study enhanced the existing literature and the recommendations of the research will be useful to hospitality industry management as well as the government, hotel owners, management and hospitality training institutions. The study recommends policy makers in the hotel industry to make adjustments in the organizational structure to accommodate more women in leadership and make women-friendly corporate policies. The study recommends embracing of new strategies that aim at coming up with progressive ideas to address working hours for women in management positions, raise aspirations and confidence of women. The study recommends further research to be conducted on government’s efforts and challenges it faces to achieve gender equity in hospitality industry management.
    VL  - 6
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Business Administration, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya

  • Department of Business Administration, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya

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